Ƙididdigar Ƙwararriyar Iskar iska da Zaɓin Kayan aiki a Ginin Tunneling (3)

Juriya ta iska na bututun samun iska a cikin ka'idar ya haɗa da juriya na iska, juriya na haɗin gwiwa, juriyawar iska ta gwiwar hannu na bututun samun iska, juriyar iskar iska ta ramin iska (latsawa cikin iska) ko juriyar mashigar iska mai juriya. (hadin iska), kuma bisa ga hanyoyin samun iska daban-daban, akwai madaidaitan ƙididdiga masu wahala.Koyaya, a aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, juriyar iskar tashar iskar iska ta ramin ba wai kawai tana da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke sama ba, har ma tana da alaƙa da ingancin gudanarwa kamar rataye, kulawa, da matsa lamba na iskar iskar ramin.Don haka, yana da wahala a yi amfani da madaidaicin dabarar lissafi don ƙididdigewa daidai.Dangane da matsakaicin matsakaicin juriyar iska na mita 100 (ciki har da juriya na gida) azaman bayanan don auna ingancin gudanarwa da ƙirar bututun samun iska.Matsakaicin juriya na iska na mita 100 ana ba da shi ta masana'anta a cikin bayanin sigogin samfuran masana'anta.Don haka, dabarar lissafin juriya na iskar ramin rami:

Inda:

R - jurewar iska na bututun samun iska,Ns²/m⁸

R₁₀₀- Matsakaicin juriya na iska na bututun samun iska mai nisan mita 100, juriya na iska a cikin 100m a takaice,Ns²/m⁸

L - Ducting tsawon, m, L / 100 kunshi coefficient naR₁₀₀.

3.1.2 Yayyowar iska daga bututun

A ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, ɗigon iskar ƙarfe da bututun samun iska na filastik tare da ƙarancin iskar iska yana faruwa a haɗin gwiwa.Muddin maganin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙarfafa, zubar da iska ya ragu kuma ana iya watsi da shi.Hanyoyin samun iska na PE suna da ɗigon iska ba kawai a gidajen haɗin gwiwa ba har ma a kan bangon bututun da ramuka na tsawon tsayi, don haka zubar da iska na ramin iskar iska yana ci gaba da rashin daidaituwa.Ruwan iska yana haifar da ƙarar iskaQ_fa ƙarshen haɗin haɗin tashar iska da fan don bambanta da ƙarar iskaQkusa da ƙarshen fitilun tashar iskar iska (wato ƙarar iska da ake buƙata a cikin rami).Saboda haka, ma'anar geometric na ƙarar iska a farkon da ƙarshen ya kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman ƙarar iskaQ_awucewa ta hanyar iska, sannan:

                                                                                                      (6)

Babu shakka, bambanci tsakanin Q_fkuma Q shine tashar iskar iska da kuma zubar iskaQ_L.wanda shine:

Q_Lyana da alaƙa da nau'in bututun samun iska na rami, adadin haɗin gwiwa, hanya da ingancin gudanarwa, da diamita na bututun samun iska, iska, da dai sauransu, amma galibi yana da alaƙa da kulawa da kulawa da kulawa da kulawa. tashar iskar iska ta rami.Akwai sigogin fihirisa guda uku don yin nuni da matakin yayyowar iska na bututun samun iska:

a.Yayyowar iska na bututun samun iskaLe: Yawan ɗigogin iska daga magudanar iskar iska zuwa ma'aunin iska mai aiki na fan, wato:

Ko da yake Lena iya yin nuni da ɗigon iska na wani bututun samun iska na rami, ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman fihirisar kwatance ba.Saboda haka, yawan zubar da iska na mita 100Le₁₀₀yawanci ana amfani dashi don bayyanawa:

Matsakaicin ɗigowar iska mai tsawon mita 100 na bututun samun iska na rami ana bayar da shi ta mai yin bututun a cikin bayanin sigar samfurin masana'anta.Ana buƙatar gabaɗaya ƙimar ɗigowar iska mai nisan mita 100 na madaidaicin bututun samun iska ya dace da buƙatun tebur mai zuwa (duba Table 2).

Nisan iska (m)	<200	200-500	500-1000	1000-2000	>2000
Le100(%)	<15	<10	<3	<2	<1.5

b.Adadin ƙarar iska mai tasiriE_fna bututun samun iska na ramin: wato, adadin yawan iskar iskar ramin da ke fuskar rami zuwa aikin iskar fanka.

Daga lissafin (9):Q_f=100Q/(100-L• Le₁₀₀(11)

Sauya lissafin (11) zuwa lissafi (10) don samun:E_f= [(100-L• Le₁₀₀)] x100%

c.Matsakaicin ajiyar iskar yatsan iska na bututun samun iska na ramiΦ: Wato, ma'amala da ingantaccen ƙimar iskar iskar bututun samun iska.

3.1.3 Diamita na bututun iska na rami

Zaɓin diamita na bututun samun iska na rami ya dogara da dalilai kamar ƙarar samar da iska, nisan samar da iska da girman sashin ramin.A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, madaidaicin diamita an zaɓi mafi yawa bisa ga yanayin da ya dace tare da diamita na tashar fan.Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar ginin rami, ana tono ramuka da yawa tare da cikakkun sassan.Yin amfani da manyan bututun diamita don samun iska na ginin zai iya sauƙaƙa aikin ginin rami sosai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakawa da yin amfani da hako mai cikakken sashe, yana sauƙaƙe samuwar ramuka na lokaci ɗaya, yana ceton ma'aikata da kayan aiki da yawa, kuma yana sauƙaƙa sosai. sarrafa iska, wanda shine maganin dogayen ramuka.Manyan bututun samun iska mai girman diamita sune babbar hanyar magance dogon iskar ginin rami.

3.2 Ƙayyade sigogin aiki na fan ɗin da ake buƙata

3.2.1 Ƙayyade yawan iska mai aiki na fanQ_f

3.2.2 Ƙayyade matsi mai aiki na fanh_f

3.3 Zaɓin kayan aiki

Zaɓin kayan aikin iska ya kamata ya fara la'akari da yanayin iska kuma ya dace da bukatun yanayin da ake amfani da shi.A lokaci guda kuma, lokacin zabar kayan aiki, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa adadin iska da ake buƙata a cikin rami ya dace da sigogin aikin na sama da aka ƙididdige magudanar iska da magoya baya, don tabbatar da cewa injunan samun iska da kayan aiki sun cimma matsakaicin matsakaicin. ingantaccen aiki da rage sharar makamashi.

3.3.1 Zabin Fan

a.A cikin zaɓin magoya baya, magoya bayan axial suna amfani da su sosai saboda ƙananan girman su, nauyin nauyi, ƙananan ƙararrawa, sauƙi mai sauƙi da inganci.

b.Ƙarfin iska mai aiki na fan ya kamata ya dace da bukatunQ_f.

c.Matsalolin iska mai aiki na fan ya kamata ya dace da bukatunh_f, amma bai kamata ya zama mafi girma fiye da izinin aiki na aiki na fan (ma'auni na masana'anta na fan).

3.3.2 Zaɓin bututun samun iska na rami

a.An raba bututun da ake amfani da su don iskar tono ramin zuwa bututun iskar shaka maras firam, masu sassauƙan bututun samun iska tare da kwarangwal masu tsauri da tsayayyen bututun samun iska.Ƙwararren mai sassauƙa mai sassauƙa da firam ɗin yana da haske cikin nauyi, mai sauƙin adanawa, rikewa, haɗawa da dakatarwa, kuma yana da ƙarancin farashi, amma ya dace da iskar latsawa kawai;A cikin cirewar iska, kawai sassauƙa da ƙaƙƙarfan bututun samun iska tare da kwarangwal ɗin da za a iya amfani da su.Saboda tsadarsa, babban nauyi, ba sauƙin adanawa, sufuri da shigarwa ba, yin amfani da matsa lamba a cikin wucewa ya ragu.

b.Zaɓin tashar iska yana la'akari da cewa diamita na bututun iska ya dace da diamita na fan.

c.Lokacin da wasu yanayi ba su bambanta da yawa ba, yana da sauƙi a zaɓi fanka tare da ƙarancin juriyar iska da ƙarancin zubar iska na mita 100.

A ci gaba......